C Program to implement Breadth First Search (BFS) traversal in a graph using adjacency matrix representation

Last updated Mar 24, 2019

C Program To Implement Breadth First Search (BFS) Traversal In A Graph Using Adjacency Matrix Representation

Breadth-first search (BFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. It starts at the tree root (or some arbitrary node of a graph, sometimes referred to as a ‘search key’ and explores the neighbor nodes first, before moving to the next level neighbors.

Source: Wikipedia

Program in C for Breadth First Search

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int a[20][20],q[20],visited[20],n,i,j,f=0,r=-1;
void bfs(int v)
{
 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
  if(a[v][i] && !visited[i])
   q[++r]=i;
 if(f<=r)
 {
  visited[q[f]]=1;
  bfs(q[f++]);
 }
}
void main()
{
 int v;
 clrscr();
 printf("n Enter the number of vertices:");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
 {
  q[i]=0;
  visited[i]=0;
 }
 printf("n Enter graph data in matrix form:n");
 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
  for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
   scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
 printf("n Enter the starting vertex:");
 scanf("%d",&v);
 bfs(v);
 printf("n The node which are reachable are:n");
 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
  if(visited[i])
   printf("%dt",i);
  else
   printf("n Bfs is not possible");
 getch();
}